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Albert Hofmann’s Long, Strange Trip with LSD

May 9th, 2008 – 7:48 AM

On April 19, 1943, a young Swiss chemist took a bike ride that he, and the world, would never forget. Peddling home from his job at Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, he “began to see radiant colors, bent space and collapsing dimensions,” writes Crispin Sartwell, in the Philadelphia Inquirer.

Such a scene would be unremarkable 25 years later at a Grateful Dead concert. But since it took place during World War II’s darkest days, you might reasonably ask: Who was this guy and what was he high on?

That April day, Albert Hofmann — who recently died at the ripe old age of 102 — inadvertently discovered what many came to view as the most magic and monstrous of psychedelic drugs—lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD.

Most Americans may not know that Hofmann’s LSD had a long public life before its big splash in the 1960s. The New York Times recounts the highlights:

Scientists in the 1940s and 1950s, for instance, thought [LSD] might be the key to providing healing insight, a window on the soul, a way to transcend psychosis, mania, depression. Dr. Hofmann thought it could awaken a deeper awareness of mankind’s place in nature.

About 1,000 studies crowd the medical literature of that era, many of them sloppy, a few tantalizing and some disastrous for the people being ‘treated’ with an acid trip.

The C.I.A. tested the drug as an aid to interrogation, a kind of truth serum. The Army modeled the possibility of using it as a madness gas, of dosing the enemy to gain quick advantage.

LSD’s “madness”-inducing propensities set it apart from other recreational drugs of the psychedelic era. While marijuana, cocaine and amphetamines could enhance or depress moods or states of mind, LSD promised a giant shove into another world.

The Times recalls the good and bad aspects of such trips:

LSD, it turns out, is one of the most potent consciousness-altering substances known; an amount the size of a grain of salt can induce swirls of emotion, and shimmering clear senses in which the ordinary becomes extraordinary, luminous, meaningful.

It can infuse a person with creative energy or overwhelm the brain with a swarming feeling of loss and fear. Sometimes both: Even Dr. Hofmann had at least one bad trip, recalling in his autobiography, ‘Everything in the room spun around, and the familiar objects and pieces of furniture assumed grotesque, threatening forms.’

LSD differed from other illegal recreational drugs in another respect—it offered little chance of addiction. The substance was simply too much of a sensory avalanche to ingest with any regularity.

Hofmann had high hopes for LSD, and he wasn’t thinking of mere medicinal benefits. He saw something almost sacred in the drug, often referring to it as “medicine for the soul.” He believed that LSD was “a revelatory aid for contemplating and understanding what he saw as humanity’s oneness with nature,” according to the Times’ obituary.

As with all attempts to imitate the Sacred, however, this one fell short. Most of LSD’s adherents soon realized that the drug-induced explosion of color and euphoria—or its alternative vision of unspeakable darkness—was just a distraction from the real “medicine for the soul.” That comes from genuine spirituality, and from family, friends, mutual obligations, and other sweetnesses of ordinary life.

Aliza Shvarts’ Miscarriages, and Shock Art’s Last Gasp

May 8th, 2008 – 8:23 AM

Aliza Shvarts’ senior art project at Yale University won’t go down as the next Mona Lisa:

Four years at Yale costs $180,000. Here is how senior Aliza Shvarts planned to conclude hers: The art major would repeatedly artificially inseminate herself, then induce miscarriages, which she would record on video. She would build a four-foot-wide plastic cube and wrap it in layers of plastic.

Between the layers would be Vaseline mixed with blood from the miscarriages. She would hang the cube at an exhibition and project video of the miscarriages onto four of its sides.

So writes Charles Lane in the Washington Post. Lest we become “judgmental,” however, let’s give Shvarts a chance to explain her work to us Philistines:

‘This piece,’ Shvarts wrote in the Yale Daily News, ‘is meant to call into question the relationship between form and function as they converge on the body. . . . It creates an ambiguity that isolates the locus of ontology to an act of readership.’

Come again? On second thought, never mind. I forgot that one of the two sure indications of the high quality of a piece of modern art is that it can only be “explained” in incomprehensible academic jargon.

The other indication, of course, is the art’s shock value. Here Shvarts succeeded beyond her wildest dreams. Both pro-choicers and anti-abortion folks were up in arms after she announced her project, according to Lane, and the university barred her from exhibiting unless she fulfilled certain conditions. Having your exhibit shut down is the highest honor to which a contemporary artist can aspire.

How could Shvarts’ artistic endeavor incur the wrath of Yale, which surely permits every academic burp and belch under the halo of “academic freedom?” There’s still one evil left in the world. Shvarts’ art was removed, reports Lane, as a “health danger.”

Lane thinks there’s a more troubling issue here: “Where did she get such a gruesome, pornographic idea? And who taught her to confuse it with art?” The culprit, he argues, is the modern university’s obsession with race, gender and sexuality.

Shvarts’ own words provide support for that conclusion:

Among her ‘conceptual goals,’ she wrote in the Yale Daily News, was ‘to assert that often, normative understandings of biological function are a mythology imposed on form. It is this mythology that creates the sexist, racist, ableist, nationalist and homophobic perspective, distinguishing what body parts are ‘meant’ to do from their physical capability.’ Shvarts wanted to show that ‘it is a myth that ovaries and a uterus are “meant” to birth a child.’

That “myth” about the ovaries and uterus will come as a surprise to mothers who thought they knew exactly where babies come from. You’ve got to hand it to Yale: Every time you turn around they expose another old wives’ tale.

It’s true that art, like the rest of the university curriculum, is saturated with platitudes of political correctness. But art’s history of decline goes a long way back.

Sometime in the last century, most artists gave up aspiring to convey transcendent beauty. Moreover, the painter and his brush faced stiff competition—first from the camera and, in recent decades, from the sensory overload that surrounds us in the modern world. Art’s only hope to get noticed above this cacophony was to seize on ever-higher shock value. Thus the genesis of Shvarts’ tawdry spectacle at Yale.

But can shock itself become boring with constant repetition? A visit to almost any college art department provides the answer.

Just once, I’d love to see something truly revolutionary on campus — something likely to earn pariah status for the courageous art student who created it. I mean a classical realist painting – beautiful in form and color, dramatic in story line, and recognizable as something of this world.

The Remarkable Legacy of Minnesota’s “Flying Coffins”

May 7th, 2008 – 7:55 AM
 

Jim Johns, left, and Nick Linsmayer, CEO of Villaume Industries Inc., showed part of the skeleton of a WWII glider. The company made the original wooden parts to the gliders and, with the help of James and others, is planning to rebuild this one.

Combat gliders were among the most controversial and dangerous U.S. aircraft of World War II. Silent and engineless, the fragile contraptions of plywood and canvas were towed at night behind cargo planes and released for what were often clandestine missions.           

Their nickname says it all — “flying coffins.”

As the world’s first “stealth” aircraft, gliders played an important role in America’s war effort. On June 6, 1944 — D-Day — 500 were in the vanguard of the invasion of France, dropping behind German lines in an attempt to secure vital bridges before the beach invasions.

It may surprise Minnesotans to learn that our state was one of the most important sites for the manufacture of CG-4 gliders. Between 1942 and 1944, 4,000 Twin Citians worked around the clock to build more than 1,500 of the 14,000 manufactured nationwide.

“Gliders made in the Twin Cities landed in small clearings in impenetrable jungles in Burma, retook the island of Corregidor, and participated in D-Day,” said Jim Johns, a retired Army aviation officer and glider specialist. Today Johns, of Bloomington, and four other local enthusiasts are restoring a CG-4 glider and plan to return it to the people of Minnesota.

The combat glider was largely the brainchild of Adolf Hitler, according to Johns. In 1940, Hitler’s forces astonished the world by capturing Fort Eben Emael in Belgium, once considered impregnable, with only 10 gliders and 78 troops.

After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. Army hoped to duplicate Hitler’s success. But American aircraft manufacturers rejected the Army’s request out of hand. “They were interested in modern planes — speed, high performance engines,” said Johns. “The idea of going back to the Stone Age of wooden aircraft just didn’t seem to make sense to them.”

As a result, the Army had to turn to companies with no aeronautical experience — including Ford Motor Co. and Steinway Piano. In St. Paul, the Villaume Box and Lumber Co. quickly got into the act. Founded in 1882, Villaume was a specialty firm known for installing the beautiful wood paneling in the St. Paul City and County Courthouse.   

        

At Villaume, an unlikely team assembled the gliders — “Rosie the Riveters” and men who were too old or medically ineligible for the draft. Glider workers included a waiter, a music teacher, a chiropractor, a violin maker, a bank president, a palm reader and a coffin maker, according to Johns.

Their final product was an intricate thing of beauty. Each CG-4 contained 70,000 parts, 69,900 made of wood. The glider was 50 feet long with an 84-foot wingspan, and could carry 13 troops — or a jeep — besides the pilot and copilot. The giant craft weighed a feather-light 3,000 pounds.

But the gliders’ beauty couldn’t disguise the danger faced by the soldiers who manned them. The planes were so fragile that even hitting a sapling on landing could break the crew’s legs. German forces booby-trapped almost every field in Italy, Holland or Belgium where gliders could land. On D-Day, many gliders encountered “German asparagus,” steel poles set in the ground to rip out the planes’ bellies.

Today, there are only seven or eight steel CG-4 frames left in the world, says Johns. After the war, many gliders were left to rot on airstrips.

Johns and his compatriots are restoring their CG-4 at Villaume Industries Inc., with the avid support of its president, Nick Linsmayer, whose great-grandfather founded the company.

Today, their dream is just a rusty frame sitting in a warehouse. But Johns says it will rival the original when completed. He should know. He and Ingemar Holm of Rockford, another member of the group, have reconstructed 18 World War II-era planes, including a Japanese “Kate” torpedo bomber used in the film “Tora, Tora, Tora.”

And the CG-4’s 70,000 parts? Johns and his colleagues plan to reconstruct many of them, with the aid of volunteers. But they are also looking for help from Twin Citians.

 

When the Army shut down glider manufacture in early 1945, says Johns, workers were told to take home anything they could use — from windshield plexiglass and pieces of plywood to instrument panels, shipping crates and even partially constructed wings.           

“We know there are parts and pieces out there in Twin Cities basements, attics and garages,” he said. “Anyone who brings one in can be guaranteed that it will become part of the project.”

Who’s going to pilot the giant glider when it’s finished? This “flying coffin,” Johns made clear, is one vintage aircraft that will stay firmly on the ground.

These Bridge-Loving Seniors Bid Away at High School, not Retirement Center

May 6th, 2008 – 8:03 AM

High school seniors Abram Jopp, Nat Olson, Peter Knudson and Ben Weitz, left to right, got together in Weitz’s basement recently for a hot hand of bridge. Though it’s not usually a game for the younger set, Knudson has started a bridge club at Cretin-Derham Hall.

Ask some high-test high school guys their idea of the perfect Friday night blow-out, and what do you expect to hear? “Grand Theft Auto”? “Guitar Hero”? Two-pound burgers and a playoff game?    

Four St. Paul seniors are bucking the conventional wisdom. For these guys — Ben Weitz, Abram Jopp and Nat Olson of Highland Park High School and Peter Knudson of Cretin-Derham Hall — their dream night starts with a fast-paced Frisbee competition and dinner at Chipotle. Then they rev up for the real fun — an intense game of bridge.

So you don’t have to be 65 years old and a regular at the senior center to enjoy bridge? No way, says Knudson, a hefty linebacker on Cretin’s powerhouse football team. “Once you’ve played bridge, you’ll understand, because it’s the best trump game ever invented.”

Weitz, Jopp, Olson and Knudson have been buddies for years, drawn together by their love of strategy games and competition. They’ve played hearts, cribbage, poker, chess and “Magic,” and they’re always on the lookout for a greater challenge.

They even investigated the ancient Chinese game of Go. “But Ben and I played a two-and-a-half-hour game, and then couldn’t decide who won,” says Jopp.

Two years ago, they found gamesmanship’s mountaintop. It was Jopp, an avid poker player, who discovered bridge. His local bookstore’s poker section was next to its bridge section. Frustrated with poker “because I can’t read people’s faces very well,” he bought a book called “Bridge for Dummies” on a lark. He couldn’t put it down.

“Abram is a very stubborn person,” says Weitz. “He can bug you for weeks or months. At first, we agreed to play a few games of bridge with him to keep him quiet.” Soon, the four were playing several times a week.

And the three Highland Park kids were playing at school every day.

About a year ago, the four felt ready to test their skills at a local bridge center. “When we arrived, the guy at the door said, ‘Boys, we don’t have pingpong here,’” recalls Knudson. “We said, ‘No, we’re here to play bridge.’”

The folks at the center were surprised but happy to see them, they said. “Some were frustrated because we’re self-taught and didn’t know the etiquette,” Knudson adds with a smile. “We young whippersnappers got put in our place.”

What makes bridge such a great game? For one thing, it’s intellectually demanding. Two pairs of partners bid, or predict, how many “tricks,” or sets of four cards, they will win during play. Through their bids, they communicate to each other the strength of their hand and the suit they prefer to be “trump.”

Bridge downplays luck and emphasizes skill and memory. “Like all games, it’s based on finding out hidden information and using it to your advantage,” explains Jopp. “You can get better at the game endlessly — there’s no limit. You never master it or even reach a point of satisfaction.” Weitz adds that playing with a partner makes the game a lot more fun.

Have the four guys been able to interest their classmates in bridge? They concede that it’s a challenge. “You can learn to play ‘Halo’ in a second,” says Jopp. “But learning bridge is like learning a language. It takes about a month before you can really play a game.”

Serious bridge players must enjoy competition, they add. These four guys are no strangers to that. Olson and teammate Juan Garcia were the 2008 Minnesota State High School League policy debate state champions, and Jopp, Weitz and Knudson are on their high school math teams, with Weitz and Knudson serving as captains.

Knudson has started a bridge club at Cretin. The American Contract Bridge League donated textbooks and cards, and a volunteer tutor provides instruction.

Can Knudson and like-minded teens hook their generation on bridge?

Two heavy hitters are betting a million bucks they can. Bill Gates and investor Warren Buffett are both avid bridge players. A few years ago, they put up $1 million to begin a program called the School Bridge League.

At the time, Buffett told USA Today that he plays online almost every night under the handle “T-Bone.” He played about 4,800 hands the previous year, he said.    

Knudson and Weitz play online a lot, too. “I’ll call up Ben and say, ‘Let’s go play some guys from Kenya,’” says Knudson.

Have the guys ever encountered T-Bone? No, but Buffett and Gates have promised to play the winners of a school tournament, if their new organization can get one going.

I know four guys who are in the running.

Grand Theft Auto’s Heist of the American Character

May 4th, 2008 – 10:37 AM
Grand Theft Auto IV hit the stores last week like a tsunami, and is expected to become one of the biggest sellers in video game history. Commentators agree that the game, with its sophisticated graphics, sets a new standard for realistic violence and sex.   

News reports and game-related websites give the flavor of what avid gamers are getting for their 60 bucks. GTA IV opens with an S&M sex scene. Players can gun down ordinary citizens, beat up prostitutes, murder cops and enjoy lap dances from strippers. This mayhem is accompanied by what the Associated Press called a “nearly constant stream of filthy language.”

“[T]eenage boys of America,” wrote one reviewer, “… you can still kill and maim and plunder and screw until your heart is full,” but now “the violence is no longer cartoonish.” Thanks to GTA IV’s new realism, when G-stringed strippers grind the main character’s lap, the player’s controller vibrates in response.

The launch of a game like GTA IV — labeled “M” for sale only to buyers 17 and over — always seems to provoke the same debate. Critics charge that the game harms children, who can easily get their hands on it.

Research confirms that violent media increase young people’s aggressive thoughts and behavior and decrease their self-control and the inclination to help others. Adolescents who play violent video games tend to be more hostile, to argue more with teachers, to get into more physical fights, and to do more poorly in school, one national study reports.

Video game representatives make two arguments when faced with such data. First, they insist that parents are the gatekeepers for their children’s play.

Sounds good, but ask any 15-year-old male if it’s really true.

Second, industry spokespeople downplay the youth problem’s relevance, pointing to surveys that suggest that the average gamer is somewhere between the ages of 29 to 32.

This is comforting?

Let’s assume that’s true. Is it supposed to be comforting that millions of grown men get their “entertainment” from pretending to blow away cops and hook up with prostitutes?   

Anyone who has raised a child, or worked for a boss — or looked honestly at his or her own shortcomings — knows that we human beings have both good and bad instincts and impulses. We have the potential to be kind, generous and self-controlled, but we also can be selfish, power-hungry, violent and cruel.

History amply illustrates humanity’s dark side. In ancient Rome, crowds of thousands of people — not too different from us — cheered with frenzied blood lust as animals and human beings were torn to pieces. In the 15th century, public executions took on a festival atmosphere as victims were disembowled or burned at the stake.

Not just a few bad apples

Our own age has witnessed the horrors of genocide in Nazi Germany and Rwanda. These atrocities were not perpetrated by a handful of human monsters, but by thousands of ordinary people.

Contemporary Americans are not immune from sadistic impulses. The renegade U.S. soldiers who humiliated and maltreated prisoners at Abu Ghraib were reportedly imitating the pornified culture from which they came.

Games like GTA IV stimulate and glamorize our dark impulses. They create a taste for the psychological thrill that can come from dominating and degrading others. They encourage us to strip our fellow human beings of their dignity, and view them merely as objects of violence or sexual desire.

The hazards of violent games will only increase as new, more advanced technologies like the Wii system take hold. With Wii, for instance, you can go beyond punching buttons or manipulating a joystick — you can act out a game physically. As more games gain the technology that lets players go through the motions of stabbing opponents, pummeling prostitutes and simulating sex, they are likely to exert an even stronger psychological hold on thrill-seekers.

We all have a dark side

Am I suggesting that those who spend hours playing violent video games are on the way to becoming real-life killers, torturers or rapists? Of course not. But all of us have a potential for coarseness and cruelty that may emerge after months or years of immersion in lurid and prurient games.   

The average 32-year-old man who plays violent video games — and spends his free hours fantasizing about murdering passersby and roughing up strippers — is likely to be someone’s husband and father. What qualities of character will his wife find when she looks to him for love, steadiness and fidelity?

And when his young son looks to Dad as a role model — well, that’s the problem, isn’t it?

The Lingering Romance of 1968

May 2nd, 2008 – 8:05 AM

Mention the year 1968, and you’ll send a thrill through lots of folks now hitting the age of arthritis and the afternoon nap. Back then, the world seemed new—we bold youth set out to reinvent politics and social mores, and to overturn the ossified institutions of authority. Or so it seemed at the time.

Forty years on, some of the shine has worn off. True, the ‘60s produced some great tunes, but the celebration of “freedom” was often just code for running from responsibility towards a mirage of pseudo-pleasures. The result? The beginning of a decades-long surge in marital breakdown, rates of unwed children-bearing and drug abuse.

We Boomers still quiver at a Rolling Stones anthem and relish telling tall tales about the “streets of Chicago” during the notorious 1968 Democratic convention. But a mention of the real revolutionary stuff—efforts to “politicize the workers” or set up communes—prompts a quick change of topic. We all remember how working people scoffed at the young pups who tried to “raise their consciousness,” and we recall that communes quickly disintegrated over petty jealousies and personal hygiene issues.

But there’s one place where 1968 did usher in a revolution of a sort. Forty years ago this month, young people in France took to the streets and convinced millions of workers to launch strikes that shook the country to its core.

It started the old-fashioned way, as the New York Times reminds us. Students wanted more time together in their dorm rooms:

The events (or movement) of 40 years ago began in March at Nanterre University, just outside Paris, where a young French-born German named Daniel Cohn-Bendit led demonstrations against parietal rules — when young men and women could be together in dormitory rooms — that got out of hand.

When the university was closed in early May, the anger soon spread to central Paris, to the Latin Quarter and the Sorbonne, where the student elite demonstrated against antiquated university rules, and then outward, to workers in the big factories.

May 1968 produced events of the sort we still wax nostalgic about in the U.S.:

Scenes of the barricades, the police charges and the tear gas are dear to the French, recaptured in every magazine and scores of books, including one by photographer Marc Riboud, now 84, called ‘Under the Cobblestones,’ a reference to a famous slogan of the time from the leader-jester, Mr. Cohn-Bendit, now a member of the European Parliament: ‘Under the cobblestones, the beach.’ [The quote refers to paving stones that protestors tore up to hurl at police.]

Mr. Cohn-Bendit, known then as ‘Danny the Red’ for the color of both his politics and his hair, is also thought responsible for other famous slogans of the time: ‘It is forbidden to forbid’ and ‘Live without limits and enjoy without restraint!’ — with the word for enjoy, ‘jouir,’ having the double meaning of sexual climax.

Is “Danny the Red” embarrassed by this now? The Times does not say.

As in America, it all eventually fizzled. But it also left scars:

Raphaël Fonfroide, 22, an art-history student with a ponytail and a beard, said the real impact of 1968 was personal, not political. ‘All this for us is pretty abstract,’ he said. ‘We grew up in a world where most of our parents are divorced,’ and the children bore the brunt of the new liberalism.

The year 1968 ‘changed our parents, but the world was supposed to change, and it didn’t.’

Paradoxically, young people in France still march through the streets today, but their agenda is the opposite of that of May 1968. According to the Times:

Forty years ago, French students in neckties and bobby socks threw cobblestones at the police and demanded that the sclerotic postwar system must change. Today, French students, worried about finding jobs and losing state benefits, are marching through the streets demanding that nothing change at all.

Do today’s young Frenchmen admire the bold vision of their elders? Not according to Virginie Mullet, a 21-year-old history student. “All this is a little overdone,” she told the Times. “It’s all these old people celebrating themselves.”

Trip Overseas Offers a Fresh Perspective on “Nanny State”

May 1st, 2008 – 7:38 AM
Unless we’re subjected to another major league game of “double-dare ya” between the Legislature and Gov. Tim Pawlenty, the 2008 session will soon come to a merciful end. With luck, we’ll still have a few bucks in our over-taxed pockets and a few freedoms left to enjoy. 

But with political food fights the name of the game at the Capitol, it can be hard to see beyond the battle du jour and ask ourselves the big question: Who do we want to be as a people in Minnesota?

To get some perspective on this, it can be helpful to visit a far-away country and keep your eyes and ears open. Though it’s hardly graduate-level political science research, I’ll offer my recent week in Scotland as a modest contribution to the discussion.

Scotland is beautiful, and its people are the friendliest I’ve ever met. But the country illustrates the problems that can arise when government takes a central role in people’s lives.

One of the first things I noticed when I arrived in Edinburgh, for example, was the price of gas. It’s close to $10 a gallon. Scotland is rich in North Sea oil, so what gives? More than two-thirds of that price is tax.

Scotland’s gas tax burdens families and businesses in ways that Americans can hardly imagine.

But a strike at an oil refinery near Edinburgh added to the troubles a few days after I arrived. There, 1,200 workers with pension-related demands walked off the job. Their action cost Britain an estimated 50 million pounds a day, and for a time threatened to shut down the Scottish economy.

Scottish unions are powerful, and the government seemed helpless to respond effectively. So ordinary folks were asked to cope with the fallout. They were advised to prepare to conserve fuel by stripping off their cars’ roof racks, emptying their trunks, driving below 50 mile per hour, and working at home.

Some of the Scottish people I met were eager to detail the burdens of life in a “nanny state.” Among them were the husband and wife who ran the guesthouse where I stayed, and the guide who helped me find my way through the Highlands. 

These folks work seven days a week to keep their little businesses afloat. What irked them more than the gas tax and the strike, they said, was what they called “spongers” — the substantial and growing percentage of the Scottish population supported by the nation’s expansive welfare system.

Footing the bill

“Spongers” include able-bodied young men who live off government benefits, and turn down jobs with impunity because “that sort of work is unsuitable for me.” They also include legions of young, unmarried mothers who expect taxpayers to support them and their children indefinitely.

The hard-working, middle-class taxpayers I met are proud of Scotland’s beauty and rich heritage. But many seem fed up with footing the bill for a bloated welfare state.

“The government talks about redistributing wealth, but it rarely talks about the importance of creating wealth,” complained my guesthouse host. “That’s what we’re trying to do.”

As a result, he and his wife told me, they would love to move to America. My guide confided that he’s thinking of moving to New Zealand.

Wouldn’t it be hard to leave the benefits that high taxes pay for, like government-run health care? I asked them. My guide acknowledged that he likes getting “free” prescriptions, and expressed satisfaction with an operation he recently had.

Other folks, however, lamented what they called the National Health Service’s shortcomings. Just before I left Scotland, the London Times ran an article about a child who entered the hospital for a simple procedure, but emerged far sicker. According to the article, the National Health Service’s unresponsive, unaccountable bureaucracy too often produces an appallingly low level of care.

Here’s what I took away from my trip: A society that encourages personal responsibility strengthens its people’s character and fuels prosperity. That’s one reason that decisions made at the State Capitol are so important.

Minnesota has many citizens like the couple who ran my guesthouse. The state must seek to encourage them and help them flourish. If it weighs them down, the entire body politic will suffer.

Al Franken and the Accountant from Hell

April 30th, 2008 – 8:19 AM

I want to know more about this half-wit accountant, Allen Chanzis, who keeps getting blamed for Al Franken’s failures to pay every tax known to man. After all, Franken’s no two-bit bar comedian who can claim he’s never made a dime to offset his bar tab.

Even before his current attempt to get to Washington to enact tax laws that apply to the rest of us, Franken was in the Cadillac club of high-end comedians. One would assume he has a stable of accountants and lawyers housed in his servants’ quarters.

At least Keith Ellison could claim that his serial campaign finance violations involved obscure laws that bite you only when in elective office. But Franken’s failure to pay income taxes in 17 states, failure to pay workers compensation premiums, failure to pay disability premiums and failure to file corporate tax returns pretty much takes the wind out of the “gosh, I forgot” argument.

At least, that’s what I first thought. But then our chief law enforcer—Hennepin County Attorney Mike Freeman – announced that he has no problem with this kind of serial law-breaking. In a Saturday interview, Freeman morphed into a big softy:

‘It appears to me that this is some carelessness in his personal business,’ Freeman said of Franken. ‘Nothing criminal, nothing malicious, nothing nasty. I’m guessing most people have something [similar] in their life, where they forgot to pay their property taxes or workers’ comp.’

Fair enough, but I want the same consideration for Think Again miscreants when they skirt the edge of what is legal. When Downtown Dan “forgets” to put money in the parking meter, JonR “forgets” his driver’s license at home, Tiny Litess “forgets” the speed limit is 30 mph in town, and Average Guy “forgets” that he’s supposed to pay for the overpriced gas at the pump, I demand equal treatment from County Attorney Freeman.

And after Freeman clears these four upstanding gentlemen because they exhibited “carelessness in … personal business,” I expect that each will have a shot at a run for the Senate so that they can create laws for the rest of us shmucks. Yes, I know; they may also need qualifications for such high aspirations, such as a career as a high-end comedian.

Does Franken still have a pulse in his political life? I’ve stopped trying to guess. Stand-up comics enabled by half-wit accountants weave wonders in this world

Photo ID at the Polls? The Supreme Court Says a Critical “Yes”

April 29th, 2008 – 7:06 AM

Minnesota has one of the nation’s loosest voter-identification laws. You don’t need a photo ID to prove who you are, or that you are eligible to vote in the precinct where you are casting your ballot. You only need to find someone from that precinct who will vouch that you live there. That individual can also vouch for up to 14 other voters.

I served as a poll watcher in Minneapolis in the 2004 election, and was startled to discover how easy it would be to commit voter fraud here. You could be a non-citizen or live in another precinct, for example, and your fraud might well go undetected.

In 2007, Rep. Keith Ellison introduced a bill in Congress that would ban the use of photo ID’s as a requirement for voting in federal elections – thereby expanding Minnesota’s practice in this regard nation-wide.

Supporters of Minnesota’s lax law, including Ellison, claim that a photo ID requirement unduly burdens citizens who are poor, or don’t possess a driver’s license.

But yesterday, the U.S. Supreme Court soundly rejected that notion in upholding Indiana’s voter-identification law, which requires photo identification.

According to the New York Times,

In a 6-to-3 ruling in one of the most awaited election-law cases in years, the court rejected arguments that Indiana’s law imposes unjustified burdens on people who are old, poor or members of minority groups and less likely to have driver’s licenses or other acceptable forms of identification. Because Indiana’s law is considered the strictest in the country, similar laws in the other 20 or so states that have photo-identification rules would appear to have a good chance of surviving scrutiny.

The court found that the state has a “valid interest” in improving the election process and discouraging fraud. The decision came just eight days before Indiana’s primary, which may decide whether Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama is the Democratic Party’s presidential candidate.

The Times noted that

Justice John Paul Stevens, who announced the judgment of the court and wrote an opinion in which Chief [Justice] John G. Roberts, Jr. and Anthony M. Kennedy joined, alluded to – and brushed aside – complaints that the law benefits Republicans and works against Democrats, whose ranks are more likely to include poor people or those in minority groups.

The justifications for the law ‘should not be disregarded simply because partisan interests may have provided one motivation for the votes of individual legislators,’ Justice Stevens wrote.

Justices Antonin Scala, Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito concurred. “The law should be upheld because its overall burden is minimal and justified,” said their opinion.

Indiana permits voters without a photo ID to cast a provisional ballot. Their vote is counted if they show up at their county courthouse within 10 days and produce identification.

Writing in the Wall Street Journal, John Fund points out the importance of the court’s ruling:

In ruling on the constitutionality of Indiana’s voter ID law — the toughest in the nation — the Supreme Court had to deal with the claim that such laws demanded the strictest of scrutiny by courts, because they could disenfranchise voters.

All nine Justices rejected that argument.

Fund supplies context for the decision, describing Justice Stevens’ personal encounters with voter fraud as an attorney in Mayor Richard Daley’s Chicago in the 1950’s and ’60’s. The Daley machine governed Chicago, says Fund, “with a mix of of patronage, contract favoritism and, where necessary, voter fraud.” He continues:

That fraud became nationally famous in 1960, when the late Mayor Richard J. Daley’s extraordinary efforts swung Illinois into John F. Kennedy’s column. In 1982, inspectors estimated as many as one in 10 ballots cast in Chicago during that year’s race for governor to be fraudulent for various reasons, including votes by the dead.

Mr. Stevens witnessed all of this as a lawyer, special counsel to a commission rooting out corruption in state government, and as a judge. On the Supreme Court, this experience has made him very mindful of these abuses.

Barack Obama, also from Illinois, “has approached Chicago politics very differently,” says Fund. “He came to the city as a community organizer in the 1980’s and quickly developed a name for himself as a litigator in voting cases.” Fund details Obama’s work on behalf of the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), which registers voters:

In 1995, then GOP Gov. Jim Edgar refused to implement the federal ‘Motor Voter’ law. Allowing voters to register using only a postcard and blocking the state from culling voter rolls, he argued, could invite fraud.

Mr. Obama sued on behalf of [ACORN] and won. ACORN later invited Mr. Obama to help train its staff….

Fund describes ACORN’s voter registration work as “scandal-prone.” In St. Louis, Mo., he says, “officials found that in 2006 over 1,000 addresses listed on its registrations didn’t exist.” The feds have indicted eight of ACORN’s local workers and one has pleaded guilty, according to Fund. In Seattle, he adds, officials invalidated 1,762 ACORN registrations and seven of its workers were charged with felonies.

In six months, Americans will go to the polls to elect a new president and Congress, as well as a host of state and local officials. It’s vital that the validity of the results be beyond question — and election laws requiring photo ID have a central role to play here.

The Government Raid that Grabbed the Polygamists’ Children

April 28th, 2008 – 8:10 AM

Yearning for Zion is a renegade sect of Mormon polygamists whose members reside on a ranch in El Dorado, Texas. The group is not of the modern world. The women’s dress and hairstyles recall faded photos of our great grandmothers. Members’ talk of prophets and polygamy is jarring — even to an American public that’s seen and heard almost everything.

But the sect has just had a head-on crash with modernity. Earlier this month, Texas officials swooped in and removed 437 of its children from their parents.

Why? Time magazine gives the essentials: An “anonymous call from inside the ranch alleged that the kids were in danger of physical and emotional abuse…” Authorities believed they needed to take the kids “given the ranch culture of young girls, older men and arranged marriages.” Since the raid, “the complicated criminal investigation continues, and the only public details of the alleged child abuse involve several teenage mothers found at the ranch who were described in a request for a second search warrant.”

This raid ends a decades-long standoff between the government and polygamists, according to Time. Polygamy has long been illegal, but convictions have been few. In addition, polygamists tend to wall themselves off in remote areas. As a result, law enforcement has generally avoided confronting these groups.

But Texas is no longer avoiding confrontation. And Americans must face some of the troubling issues brought to light by this raid.

First, marriages involving girls in their early teens—and social pressures that encourage under-age marriage—is child abuse, plain and simple. There should be no liberal or conservative divide on this point.

But let’s think about polygamous living arrangements as a basis for this raid. Today, traditional notions of marriage are under attack. We hear everywhere that anyone who is “committed” to another should not be denied the “right” to marry. Our constitutional jurisprudence is warming to the idea that many aspects of behavior involve a “right to privacy,” and that marriage is within that zone.

As a result, what moral, social or legal response can we give today to members of Yearning for Zion who demand that polygamy be decriminalized?

This question is relevant not only to obscure Mormon sects. In Canada and Europe, some Muslims are already demanding state recognition of plural marriage. To the right of privacy and equal protection under the law, they add religious freedom as a justification.

Another point: The Texas raid wrenched hundreds of children away from their mothers. According to Time, 77 of these youngsters are under the age of two. The children are now living in a variety of temporary facilities and foster homes, and are being supervised by a foster care system that is already overtaxed. Was grave harm done to these children and their mothers when Texas authorities seized and refused to return them? The answer seems clear, and should make us shudder.

Think of it this way. We wouldn’t dream of removing children from families because they have no father, despite the fact that studies show a clear connection between fatherlessness and a host of social ills. What evidence is there of harm to the children of Yearning for Zion?

Finally, what does this raid say about the limits of government’s reach in a democracy? Should it disturb us that over 400 children were taken by the government based on an anonymous tip? What of proportionality? Assuming that government intervention was justified, what is the authority for a wholesale roundup of hundreds?

We may have patience when the government is attacking a “sect” of odd-looking people with strange habits and practices. But it’s in just such cases that the Constitution can easily grow meaningless.

Katherine joined the Star Tribune as a metro columnist in March of 2005. In her column, she covers a broad range of topics reflecting her experiences and interests.

In this blog, she will address many of the same issues, albeit in quicker, less formal fashion, along with pointing readers to other sources of interesting online commentary and coverage.